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41Positivism — is the philosophy that the only authentic knowledge is knowledge that is based on actual sense experience. Such knowledge can only come from affirmation of theories through strict scientific method. Metaphysical speculation is avoided. Though the …
42Degenerate conic — Main article: Conic section In mathematics, a degenerate conic is a conic (degree 2 plane curve, the zeros of a degree 2 polynomial equation, a quadratic) that fails to be an irreducible curve. This can happen in two ways: either it is a… …
43Logicism — is one of the schools of thought in the philosophy of mathematics, putting forth the theory that mathematics is an extension of logic and therefore some or all mathematics is reducible to logic.[1] Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead… …
44Perron–Frobenius theorem — In linear algebra, the Perron–Frobenius theorem, proved by Oskar Perron (1907) and Georg Frobenius (1912), asserts that a real square matrix with positive entries has a unique largest real eigenvalue and that the corresponding… …
45Nielsen-Thurston classification — In mathematics, Thurston s classification theorem characterizes homeomorphisms of a compact surface. William Thurston s theorem completes the work initiated by Jakob Nielsen in the 1930s.Given a homeomorphism f : S rarr; S , there is a map g… …
46Property dualism — In other words, it is the view that non physical, mental properties (such as beliefs, desires and emotions) adhere in some physical substances (namely brains). Substance dualism, on the other hand, is the view that there exist two kinds of… …
47Irreducible component — In mathematics, the concept of irreducible component is used to make formal the idea that a set such as defined by the equation: XY = 0is the union of the two lines: X = 0and : Y = 0.The notion of irreducibility is stronger than connectedness.… …
48Random self-reducibility — (RSR): A good algorithm for the average case implies a good algorithm for the worst case. RSR is the ability to solve all instances of a problem by solving a large fraction of the instances.DefinitionIf a function f evaluating any instance x can… …
49Nielsen–Thurston classification — In mathematics, Thurston s classification theorem characterizes homeomorphisms of a compact surface. William Thurston s theorem completes the work initiated by Jakob Nielsen (1944). Given a homeomorphism f : S → S, there… …
50List of mathematical symbols — This is a listing of common symbols found within all branches of mathematics. Each symbol is listed in both HTML, which depends on appropriate fonts being installed, and in TeX, as an image. This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.… …
